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DVD Andrzej Wajda - Three War Films (A Generation, Kanal, and Ashes & Diamonds) - Criterion Collection
Andrzej Wajda's first three features form a landmark in Polish cinema, and a monument of that great decade of European movies, the 1950s. Working mostly during a thaw in Soviet control over his homeland, Wajda and his collaborators created three films that looked back at the Second World War from the perspective of a new generation whose youth was defined by the catastrophe of Nazi occupation and Soviet control. The first film is titled A Generation (1955), as though to sum up the collective feeling. It's set in Warsaw in 1943, as young workers join the anti-Nazi resistance movement (including an attempt to help Jews escape from the ghetto). Shot in real locations, but with an expressionistic eye, A Generation is especially drawn to the ambiguous supporting character played by Tadeusz Janczar, a much more conflicted and modern character than the nominal hero. (Roman Polanski plays one of the fighters.)
Kanal (1957) tracks the final hours of the Warsaw Uprising, a rebellion by the Poles and their Home Army against the Germans. (The Russian army, parked on the other side of the Vistula River, allowed the Poles to be wiped out without interference.) First we meet the characters in a last stand at a bombed-out field of urban rubble, then follow them in a miserable escape through the dank, gas-filled sewers beneath the city. The desperation of final heroic acts, and Wajda's ingenuity in finding new ways to shoot in the sewer sets, keeps the film balanced in nerve-wracking suspense.
Set on the final day of World War II, Ashes and Diamonds explodes with mixed-up passion and anger, and with the deliberately James Dean-like performance of Polish icon Zbigniew Cybulski. Wadja expands his range here with a visual dynamism that includes a heady use of symbols and striking borrowings from Citizen Kane and film noir. The nervy, dark-spectacled Cybulski plays a Home Army member out to assassinate a Communist official, an assignment bungled in the opening sequence. So the job still needs completing, but the would-be assassin is diverted by a melancholy barmaid and the possibility of turning away from violence... but this is Poland, and wry fatalism prevails. The doomed national feeling is maintained in powerful fashion in these three movies--which are not, technically speaking, a trilogy, though they have always spiritually been of-a-piece.
Criterion assembled this DVD set with Wajda's approval, and he appears in illuminating half-hour interview segments on each disc (along with filmmaker Janusz Morgenstern and critic Jerzy Plazewski). Valuable production stills and posters, Wajda's film-school short "Ceramics from Ilza," and essays are included. Most importantly, the digital transfers themselves are perfectly stunning. --Robert Horton
Review(s): DVD Andrzej Wajda - Three War Films (A Generation, Kanal, and Ashes & Diamonds) - Criterion Collection
Polish saying: "Sto Lat!" - "May you live a hundred years!"
I have not seen A Generation, the first film in this box set, but I have seen the others. I felt compelled to write a review, because there was none so far and I wouldn't want anyone to be turned off from these films due to ignorance. I am half-Polish and have visited the country half a dozen times since I was a little boy. What struck me most about Poland when I visited as a young man, was the kindness people expressed to each other, even if they were complete strangers. I asked an older woman for directions in the street and she pulled me close and put her arm around me in a motherly way, pointing in the direction I needed to go. The fact that such kindness and humanity have persisted under decades of oppressive totalitarian rule seems both ironic and appropriate. It's as if the more Stalin beat down on the Polish people, the more resilient and warm-hearted they became. Knowing Polish people helps you understand their films. But, not everyone interested in Wajda can have that luxury, so I will try to give you a summary in a way you would relate to.
Kanal is a very compelling film, very accessible to American audiences. It is taut, suspenseful and portrays the WWII conflict from a perspective I think many Americans will be unfamiliar with. Much of the film takes place in a sewer, as the refugees try to find an escape from certain death at the hands of the Nazis. Fans of claustrophobic thrillers will appreciate this. The atmosphere is almost choking at times. It's a powerful experience. Steven Spielberg revealed in an interview that he screened Wajda's war films to his crew in preparation for Saving Private Ryan, to give them a better sense of how to create the mise-en-scene of war torn Europe. Kanal contains some virtuosic camera work that should be of interest to any serious film student.
Ashes and Diamonds is a monumental film, probably the most important in all of Polish cinema. (the only other one that comes close is Wajda's Man of Iron, winner of the Golden Palm in 1981). Zbigniew Cybulski is the antic, nervy hero, indeed a James Dean-like persona. Tragically, Cybulski also died young, missing a step while hopping onto a moving train, he fell and was crushed. Ashes and Diamonds will be of most significance to those familiar with the politics of the time and place. It's not an easy film. In fact, it's heartbreaking. But the staggeringly honest portrayal of conflicted allegiances to government and one's soul will resonate with all who see it. A man is hired to assassinate another man. A simple story treated realistically, with all the second guessing and anguish a real person would feel. The Polish sense of compassion extends even to her enemies.
The cover art on this box set depicts a blood soaked bed sheet flapping on a clothesline. When I visited Poland, white sheets drying on clotheslines was a common sight, be it a rural or urban area. But beyond the evocation of war and bloodshed, the red blood has another significance. Red and White make up the bi-colored Polish flag, which closely resembles the bedsheet in the graphic. It is a symbol of Poland's bloody history and the traumatic turmoil of this period in time.
This box set and Kieslowski's the Decalogue comprise a healthy chunk of the brilliant cinema found in Poland, a country with one of the earliest and most successful film schools in the world.
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